The inspiration of Ireland's St. Brigid

Devotees of St. Brigid commemorated the 1,500th anniversary of her death on Thursday, Jan. 31, the feast day of the so-called matron saint of Ireland, who's been gaining a modern following.

Many of the festivities took place in and around the town of Kildare, where Brigid founded a prestigious abbey and inspired a host of colorful, miracle-filled legends. Other commemorations are taking place across Ireland and around the world.

In a sense, Brigid is on a roll. The commemorations come a year after Ireland began honoring her with an annual public holiday — the first Irish woman to be recognized with one.

The first major commemoration took place Jan. 28 with the return of a relic associated with Brigid, about a millennium after her remains were removed from Kildare for safekeeping.

Events on Jan. 31 included light shows and artistic performances along with a call for a worldwide moment of silence.

While St. Patrick has long been the saint most identified with Ireland, Brigid has gained a growing following in the 21st century. Devotees draw inspiration from Brigid the saint — and from Brigid the ancient pagan goddess, whose name and attributes she shares — as emblematic of feminine spirituality and empowerment. This comes amid growing disenchantment with the patriarchal and historically dominant Catholic Church.

First question: which Brigid?

Brigid was the name of a prominent goddess worshipped by ancient pagan Celts — the namesake of the saint who lived in the fifth and sixth centuries.

Brigid the goddess was associated with everything from poetry, healing and metal crafting to nature, fertility and fire. She was honored on the mid-winter holy day of Imbolc, still commemorated Feb. 1, which also became St. Brigid's Day. (Like Groundhog Day, Imbolc marks the approximate midpoint between the winter solstice and spring equinox.)

St. Brigid's father is said to have been a ruler, her mother enslaved. Though Brigid's life story has been embellished by legends, she is believed to have been the abbess of a monastic settlement of men and women that became a center of arts and learning and that gave the town its name, Irish for "church of the oak." One legend says that when the local king agreed to give her only enough land for her monastery that could fit under her cloak, she miraculously spread it across the surrounding countryside.

St. Brigid traveled, preached and healed. She's often depicted with images of fire and light and is associated with fertility, care for living things and peacemaking.

According to another legend, Brigid gave her father's jeweled sword to a needy man for him to barter for food.

Brigid was believed to have been buried at her monastic church in Kildare. Around the ninth century, her remains were moved to the northern town of Downpatrick in hopes of avoiding the pillages of Vikings and others. That shrine was later destroyed by English troops during the Protestant Reformation.

Various churches on the European continent claim to have relics of St. Brigid. This includes a bone fragment from Brigid's skull, which tradition says was brought to a church in Portugal by three Irish knights. A fragment of that relic was returned in the 1930s to Brigidine Sisters elsewhere in Ireland and is stored in a small metal reliquary, shaped like an oak tree, an image associated with Brigid. That's the relic that was returned to Kildare on Sunday.

The relic's new resting place is the Catholic parish church named for St. Brigid, which plans to display it permanently.

Catholic canon law says the church "promotes the true and authentic veneration" of saints because of their pious examples. This can involve veneration of relics — which can include fragments of bodies of saints, as well as their clothing and other items associated with them.

"Veneration must be clearly distinguished from adoration and worship, which are due God alone," says the Catechism of the Catholic Church.

St. Brigid's Day and Imbolc, a pagan holy day associated with the goddess Brigid and heralding the coming of spring, both fall Feb. 1, although Ireland is observing the public holiday the following Monday.

Brigid's moment is happening as many Irish are disillusioned with traditional Roman Catholicism and its patriarchal leadership amid a secularizing culture. Even many devout Catholics are dismayed over scandals including the cover-ups of sexual abuse.

Whether devotees honor Brigid primarily as a saint, a goddess or some combination of both, they see Brigid as emblematic of feminine spirituality, environmental care and artistic creation.

Brigid's Day is "an invitation to stop the pointless millennia old war of Christianity versus paganism" and see "the wisdom and beauty in both lineages," wrote Melanie Lynch, founder of Herstory, which campaigned in support of the new national holiday.

The most dramatic event occurred Jan. 28 with the return of the relic to Brigid's hometown, with a short procession to St. Brigid's Parish Church from Solas Bhride — a Christian spirituality center led by Brigidine Sisters in Kildare with a mission of welcoming "people of all faiths and of no faith."

The procession was led by three girls riding horses and dressed as the medieval Irish knights who, one tradition says, accompanied the relic to Portugal centuries earlier.

Bishop Denis Nulty of Kildare & Leighlin preached at the Mass that followed, calling on hearers to practice the welcoming values that Brigid championed, particularly at a time when some are protesting migrants being housed in Ireland — including some at institutions named for St. Brigid, he noted.

"It's too simple to install a relic," Nulty said. Brigid "would call us to do much more. She was hospitable. She was a peacemaker. She was a strong woman of the faith."

David Mongey, chair of Into Kildare, the local tourism board, said Brigid remains highly relevant.

"What amazes me is, 1,500 years later, she's still remembered with love in Kildare and Ireland," he said. "Her words, her wisdom and her actions mean more today than they ever did, when you think about how we treat our land ... how we treat each other and how we treat ourselves."

Several events are being organized this week by Solas Bhride, Irish for "Light of Brigid," including a noontime "Pause for Peace" on Thursday. Thousands of students gathered at the Curragh Racecourse in County Kildare to mark the pause by making a human formation of a large St. Brigid's Cross, shaped by a square with four symmetrical arms.

Others around the world have been joining in the pause — a minute's silence at noon local time — said Brigidine Sister Rita Minehan, one of the founders of Solas Bhride.

"We are sending out a message that we actively oppose warfare in our world and the proliferation of arms," she said. "It's rather frightening what's happening in our world. It's sorely in need of peace, and Brigid was renowned as a peacemaker."

The group Herstory, which uses arts and education to promote female role models, has organized events around Ireland on the holiday and days afterward. These include light shows in which artistic depictions of Brigid are projected onto historic landmarks.

Elsewhere worldwide, Irish heritage groups have been marking the holiday with cultural events. Churches have planned Masses in honor of the saint, while Wiccan and other pagan groups have planned meditations and other ceremonies in honor of the goddess.

Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP's collaboration with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.